Class Ten: Degree Changing

Degree

Degree হল Adjective এর রূপভেদ। এটি ৩টি ভাগে বিভক্ত। যথা-

1.      Positive Degree

2.      Comparative Degree

3.      Superlative Degree

Positive Degree:

কোন sentence এ Noun বা pronoun এর দোষ, গুন, অবস্থা ইত্যাদি বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Positive Degree বলে।
যেমন – Mr. Roni is a good man.

Comparative Degree:

সাধারণত দুটি Noun বা pronoun এর দোষ, গুন, অবস্থা ইত্যাদির তুলনা বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
যেমন – Rahim is wiser than Karim.

Superlative Degree:

সাধারণত অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Superlative Degree বলে।
যেমন – Rony is the best player in the team.

Change of Degrees:

Superlative Degree into Positive Degree

Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

·         Rule 1: No other + প্রদত্ত Superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form + as + মূল sentence এর subject.

Superlative: Rony is the smallest player in the team.
Positive: No other player in the team is as small as Rony.
Superlative: Sima is the best housewife.
Positive: No other housewife is as good as Sima.

·         Rule 2: all other, most other, many other, few other, very few, one of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   প্রথমে very few + Superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form + as + মূল sentence এর subject.

Superlative: He is one of the best players in the team.
Very Positive: few players in the team are as good as he.
Superlative: Iron is one of the most useful metals.
Positive: Very few metals are as useful as Iron.

Comparative into positive

·         Rule 1: Than any other/all other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   No other + any other/all other এর পরের অংশ + verb + so/as + Comparative Degree এর Positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

Comparative: kibria is greater than any other boy in the class.
Positive: No other boy in the class is as great as Kibria.
Comparative: Dhaka is larger than all other cities in Bangladesh.
Positive: No other cities in Bangladesh are as large as Dhaka.
Or, No other city in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka. 

·         Rule 2: Than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   Than এর পরের অংশ + verb + not + so/as + Comparative এর Positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

Comparative: Rony is bigger than Bony.
Positive: Bony is not as big as Rony.
Comparative: He is stronger than I.
Positive: I am not as strong as he.

·         Rule 3: Than most other / than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   Very few + most other/few other এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so/as + Comparative এর Positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

        Comparative: The gold is most useful than most other metals.

        Positive: very few metals are as/so useful as gold.

        Comparative: A. K. Fazlul Haque was greater than most other politicians in Bangladesh.

        Positive: very few politicians in Bangladesh were as/so great as A. K. Fazlul Haque.

·         Rule 4: No less/not less ……..than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   No less/not less এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত যায়গায় as বসে এবং than এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত যায়গায় as বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

Comparative: He is no less intelligent than you.
Positive: He is as intelligent as you.
Comparative: Kripa is not less clever than shipa.
Positive: Kripa is as clever as shipa.

·         Rule 5: No sooner had ….than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   No sooner had এর পরিবর্তে as soon as + subject + verb এর পরিবর্তে past form + than এর পূর্বের অংশ + than এর পরিবর্তে কমা বসে + বাকী অংশ।

Comparative: No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.
Positive: As soon as he saw me, he ran away.

Superlative into comparative

·         Rule 1: Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than any other + প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।

Superlative: He is the best player in the team.
Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.

·         Note: of all of থাকলে of all এর পরিবর্তে than all other বসে।

Superlative: He is the best of all men.
Comparative: He is better than all other man.

·         Rule 2: One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than most other + প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।

Superlative: Kibria is one of the best players in the team.
Comparative: Kibria is better than most other players in the team.
Superlative: Canada is one of the coldest countries in the world.
Comparative: Canada is colder than most other countries in the world.

Positive into comparative

·         Rule 1: No other যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o    প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + than any other + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।

Positive: No other player in the team is as good as him.
Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.
Positive: No other country in the world is so/as cold as Canada.
Comparative: Canada is colder than any other country in the world.

·         Rule 2: Very few যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + than most other + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।

Positive: Very few students are so good as Lablu.
Comparative: Lablu is better than most other students.
Positive: Very few metals are so costly as gold.
Comparative: Gold is costlier than most other metals.

·         Rule 3: As……as যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + not + positive degree এর comparative form + than + প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম subject।

Positive: He is as good as his brother
Comparative: His brother is not better than him.

Comparative into superlative

·         Rule 1: Subject + verb + the + Comparative এর superlative form + other এর পরের অংশ।

Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.
Superlative: He is the best player in the team.

·         Note – other এর পর plural noun থাকলে superlative এর পরে of all বসে।

Comparative: He is bigger than of all boys.
Superlative: He is the tallest of all boys.

·         Rule 2: Than most other/than few other যুক্ত Comparative কে Superlative এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

o    Subject + verb + one of the + Comparative degree এর superlative form + most other/few other এর পরের অংশ।

Comparative: Vatican City is smaller than most other countries in the world.
Superlative: Vatican City is one of the smallest countries in the world.
Comparative: Dhaka is bigger than most other cities in Bangladesh.
Superlative: Dhaka is one of the biggest cities in Bangladesh.

Positive into superlative:

·         Rule 1: No other যুক্ত positive degree কে superlative degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের Subject + verb + the + positive এর superlative form + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর মাঝের অংশ।

Positive: No other player in the team is as good as Raju.
Superlative: Raju is the best player in the team.
Positive: No other man man in the society is as good as him.
Superlative: He is the best man in the society.

·         Rule 2: Very few যুক্ত positive degree কে superlative degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

o   প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের Subject + verb + one of the + positive এর superlative form + very few এর পর থেকে verb এর মাঝের অংশ।

Positive: Very few men in the village are as tall as Kabir.
Superlative: Kabir is one of the tallest men in the village.
Positive: Very few people in the country are as good as Rakib
Superlative: Rakib is one of the best people in the country.